Catkins: Look a little bit closer

Search for hazel and alder catkins this weekend

The lane I walk along most days with Noushi is lined with young hazels, growing through the ivy hedgerows. To be honest, I don’t usually pay them much attention unless I spot a dunnock hopping about near them, or a rat scurrying in the ivy behind.

Last week though, something made me stop to look a bit closer. The hazels are currently covered in catkins, and when you stop to admire them like I did, you’ll see they really are complex and beautiful things.

Hazel Catkins

Hazels are monoecious, meaning the male and female flowers grow on the same tree. Those dangly yellow catkins you can see above are the male flowers (each catkin actually has at least 200 male flowers on it, each covered by a scale) and the female flowers start off as small buds above the catkins from which bright crimson tendrils emerge when they are ready to receive pollen. Hazels are wind-pollinated, and each female flower must be pollinated by pollen from the male flowers of another hazel tree. Once pollinated, it’s these female flowers that will eventually mature into hazelnuts.

See if you can find some hazel catkins this weekend where you live. If you give one a gentle prod you might even see the yellow pollen dispersing!

Can you see the crimson female flowers above the male catkins?

Young, scaly male hazel catkins before they have elongated

Alder catkins

After getting to know the hazel catkins a bit better I wondered if any other trees had catkins at this time of year, and was pleased to come across these on the alder trees in my local nature reserve…

Alder are also monoecious. The long purple-ish catkins on the right are the male alder catkins, which will droop more and turn yellower as they shed their pollen. The brown cones on the left are last year’s female catkins - the buds you can see above these (on the same branch as the male catkins) will turn into this year’s female catkins/fruits. They will be green and waxy before they turn woody, like the ones pictured above and below. The female catkins will open up to release their seeds/nutlets, which are then dispersed by wind and water.

I’ll try and keep an eye on this tree throughout the year, to show you how it changes…

Last year’s female alder catkins/fruit, which are now woody following seed dispersal

These male catkins (left) are slightly more elongated and yellow

Let me know if you spot any hazel or alder catkins this weekend, and post a photo in the chat so we can see what stage they’re at where you live. I warn you though, photographing them (especially in the wind) is quite a challenge!

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Sources and Further Reading

Which trees have catkins and how to tell them apart - Woodland Trust

Alder profile - Woodland Trust

Hazel profile - Woodland Trust

Tree ID by catkins - Tree Guide UK

How to Identify Alder - The Conservation Volunteers

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Join in with the chat

When I started this newsletter, I said I would start regular chats for you all to share what you've been noticing in nature. I've not been very good at doing that, and to be honest, it's because I didn't get a huge response when I did (though realistically I know it’s totally my fault - I needed to just persevere and promote the chat more!).

This year I'm trying again! I know not everyone will be experiencing the same things in nature as I am near my home in Kent and I'd love to cultivate more of a community here on Substack... One where people from across the UK - and hopefully even worldwide - share what's going in nature where they live.

I'll do my best to start a chat thread at least once a month for you to share your latest sightings, or to ask the Nature Notice Board community questions about things you've noticed...

I started the first chat thread of 2024 earlier this week and was absolutely thrilled to see so many people taking part and sharing things they had spotted where they live, including this stunner of a photo from

Rosalie Haizlett Illustration

featuring reindeer lichen and snow on the Appalachian Mountains. Wow!

You can join in with the chat and share your own photos of what you’ve been noticing in nature here. Please do!

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